Supply & Industry
Recent political debate has raised the risk that the EU’s clear decision to phase out combustion engines in 2035 will once again be called into question. We believe this could prove fatal for the future of the European automotive industry.
In opposing this dangerous instability, the Platform for Electromobility is highlighting the importance of creating the enabling conditions to allow clean tech industries to prosper, notably in the transport sectors. Ultimately, this will help achieve the EU’s ambitious decarbonisation goals. As we advance towards zero-emission mobility, we are concerned by recent discussions surrounding the revision of the CO2 standards for cars and vans, which foresee introducing CO2-neutral fuels (such as e-fuels) into the post-2035 regulatory landscape.
This paper outlines the vital importance of supporting the ongoing progress towards the mass adoption of EVs and electromobility. It also highlights the risks of diverting the focus – and the vital investments required for electrification – towards the fictitious solution of e-fuels.
We therefore reiterate our full support for both the 2035 zero-emission targets for cars and vans and the inter-institutional agreement set out in a European Commission statement and confirmed by recital 11 of the CO2 Standards Regulation on the introduction of synthetic fuels beyond this date. If there were to be any role for alternative fuels, it should be minimal, and limited to vehicles running exclusively on 100% climate neutral RFNBOs.

1. Investment certainty for the electromobility ecosystem
Investment in the net-zero industrial ecosystem requires a clear, consistent and properly implemented regulatory framework. European transport industries are committed to, and are building, this ecosystem. EU auto manufacturers have committed around €250 billion to electrification by 2030, while 86 new electric vehicle models will be launched between 2024-26 (58 in segments A, B and C). The EV charging industry is already investing heavily in expanding both public and private charging infrastructure; and – with an average of €33 billion per year invested in our distribution grids over recent years – financing for utilities are continuing to grow to accompany the transition of the grid.
However, adding e-fuels to this regulatory framework will create investment uncertainty. This will ultimately deter stakeholders from fully committing to electric vehicle manufacturing and infrastructure roll-out. Given the combination of increasing competition from non EU countries, rising energy prices and a shortage of qualified EU workers, it is ever-more crucial to focus EU investments on electric vehicles to reach critical mass and help the EU remain globally competitive. A stable regulatory environment remains essential for maintaining Europe’s leadership in sustainable transport and ensuring that investments are directed towards proven, scalable technologies rather than nascent ones such as e-fuels.
2. Strategic prioritisation of proven, sustainable technologies
With limited resources, Europe must prioritise its investments in the technologies most capable of delivering effectively on sustainability and performance. Unlike e-fuels, EV technologies are already proven, energy-efficient and supported by an expanding infrastructure that continues to develop. Allocating resources to establish a separate, parallel infrastructure for e-fuels will only multiply the financial demands and divert away funds that could otherwise be used to enhance EV infrastructure and accelerate the adoption of electric transport.
Decarbonising transport will also necessitate the expansion of rail, public transport and active mobility modes; substantial investments will be essential for scaling up both services and infrastructure to meet these ambitions. The Letta report highlights that “the investment needs associated with realising the TEN-T core network by 2030 are estimated at around €500 billion, with a significant portion still lacking sufficient financial resources”. The Draghi report estimates that completing TEN-T is projected to increase GDP by €467 billion by 2050. For active mobility, Europe would require approximately €40 billion per year to double the number of cycle trips within 10 years.
Europe cannot afford to fragment its investment focus by pursuing less-efficient alternatives, particularly when electromobility is already delivering on its promises for cleaner transport and industrial competitiveness.
3. Enabling the transition to electromobility: skills and innovation
Europe’s transition to electromobility is generating demand for a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and advancing Europe’s standing in the global clean tech market. Any delays to the transition to electromobility would in turn delay the urgently required shift of the workforce from the fossil fuel industries to the electromobility supply chain and the e-mobility infrastructure ecosystem. Given the current regulatory framework and CO2 standards, jobs in energy production and energy infrastructure in Europe are expected to increase by 128% and 543%, respectively. E-fuels also do not offer the same potential for creating the quality, high-value and future-proof jobs in emerging sectors.
By investing in electromobility, Europe can build a workforce that is properly equipped for the green transition. It will bring skilled employment to local communities and ensure that the transition to clean mobility is supported through jobs with long-term prospects and benefits for European workers. A 2021 BCG study showed almost 80,000 extra operational production workers will be needed in the manufacture of batteries and accumulators, while OEMs will require 30,000 new software and system developers to manufacture electric motor vehicles.
4. Strategic autonomy and energy security
Given the growing need for energy security, electromobility offers Europe the opportunity to establish robust local supply chains based on locally recycled materials and locally produced renewable energy, thus reducing the need for imported fossil fuels. This is important, given that the vast majority of any future e-fuels used in Europe would be imported. As the global market for EVs continues to grow, Europe must concentrate its efforts on bridging the gap to other global leaders.
5. The cost of energy and Europe’s industrial competitiveness
The rising cost of energy is a key factor in the recent difficulties facing Europe’s industries. Developing a transport mode as energy intensive as e-fuels (e-fuels require five times the energy of direct electrification; hydrogen three times) would only drive energy costs higher across Europe.
The production of synthetic fuels is already highly energy intensive; each kilowatt-hour used to produce synthetic fuels is precious energy that cannot provide for other, more efficient, means. Synthetic fuels generated to store electricity during production peaks will be far from sufficient to match Europe’s demand and should be directed to hard-to-abate sectors such as aviation, shipping and energy intensive industries, not road transport for which more energy efficient technologies exist.
With electricity demand continuing to escalate, using synthetic fuels for land transport risks further undermining Europe’s industrial competitiveness by inflating operating costs for manufacturers, reducing the appeal of Europe as a hub for industrial investment. Prioritising energy-efficient, directly electrified transport modes is therefore essential for maintaining energy affordability, supporting industry and ensuring Europe’s long-term economic resilience.
Conclusion
The Platform for Electromobility urges European lawmakers to prioritise investments in clean mobility, and to avoid policies that would instead divert the required critical resources towards inefficient and expensive alternatives. By focusing on electromobility, we can create a sustainable, competitive and resilient transport sector that serves Europe’s citizens, economy and environment.
We consequently reiterate our full support for both the 2035 zero-emission targets for cars and vans and for the inter-institutional agreement – expressed in a European Commission statement1 and confirmed by recital 11 of the CO2 Standards regulation2 – on introducing synthetic fuels past this date. If any future role were to be given to alternative fuels, it should be minimal and restricted to vehicles running exclusively on 100% climate neutral RFNBOs (renewable liquid and gaseous fuels of non-biological origin).